Hi folks,

Just received the January 1997 issue (Vol 61 No 1) issue of the Journal =
of Wildlife Management, published quarterly by The Wildlife Society. =
The journal addresses wildlife management issues on everything from =
Grizzly Bears in Yellowstone to Idaho jackrabbits to using idoine =
compounds to 'mark' Red Fox blood serum.... Here are The bird-related =
articles. Enjoy.

Jon. Anderson
Olympia, Washington
festuca at olywa.net


Ruffed Grouse consumption and detoxification of evergreen leaves. David =
G Hewitt and Roy L Kirkpatrick. pp 129-139.
Grouse commonly eat evergreen leaves during winter in SE U.S.; authors =
fed diets with mountain laurel (Kalmia) and Christmas hollyfern =
(Polystichum); birds on diets with 20% evergreens performed similar to =
those on control diets; Diets with 40% caused reduced intake of food and =
birds consuming the hollyfern were unable to maintain body mass; Grouse =
appear unable to live solely on evergreen leaves, but evergreens remain =
available during snow and contribute to winter survival.

Habitat selection by Spotted Owls during natal dispersal in western =
Oregon. Gary S Miller, Robert J Small and E Charles Meslow. pp 140-150.
Additional Evidence that owls select older (old-growth and mature) =
forests; natal dispersal may be affected by harvesting such forests; use =
of clearcuts may decrease the probability of successful natal dispersal.

Landscape composition and pattern around Northern Spotted Owl nest sites =
in southwest Oregon. William J Ripple, Peter D Lattin, KT Hershey, Frank =
F Wagner and E Charles Meslow. pp 151-158.
Characteristics of 20 nest sites in Klamath Mountains were analyzed; =
Nest sites contained significantly more older-conifer forest than random =
sites; Conclusions regarding most landscape pattern variables and nest =
site selection weren't possible because variables were highly correlated =
with the amount of old-growth forest; Authors developed a reproduction =
index; Spotted Owl reproductive rates may be directly related to the =
proportion of old-growth conifer forest in the landscape; Recommend that =
the percentage of old-conifer forest be the primary landscape variable =
used for management purposes.

Forest bird response to regeneration practices in central hardwood =
forests. Elizabeth M Annand and Frank R Thompson. pp 159-171.
Breeding songbird populations studied in managed forest landscape in =
Mark Twain Natl Forest and Pioneer Forest in SE Missouri; Several =
forest-regeneration (harvest) methods were compared, relative to bird =
communities; Authors believe that habitat requirements of birds in =
managed forests can best be met by a mixture of even- and uneven-aged =
forest management that creates a range of disturbance sizes.

Bird and small mammal use of short-rotation hybrid poplar plantations. =
Donald P Christian, Patrick T Collins, Joann M Hanowski and Gerald J =
Niemi. pp 171-182.
Study on poplar plantations and surrounding land uses in Minnesota, =
Wisconsin and South Dakota; few differences in mammal =
abundance/diversity between plantations and rowcrop or small-grain =
fields; Bird abundance/species richness higher on plantations than in =
farmed fields; Birds appeared to be more attracted to plantations in =
agricultural regions than in forested areas; Limited use of plantations =
by area-sensitive and long-distance Neotropical migrant bird species.

Clinal size variation in Canada Geese affects morphometric =
discrimination techniques. James O Leafloor and Donald H Rusch. pp =
183-190.
Evaluated models designed to use skull lengths to differentiate Giant =
Canada Geese (B.c. maxima) from Interior Canadas (B.c. interior); =
However, authors found significant differences in mean skull lenghts of =
interior Canadas from 3 areas in James Bay; Geese decreased in size with =
increasing latitude; but those from Akimiski Island didn't fit this =
pattern and were smaller than those from adjacent mainland; Recommend =
not using models where southern James Bay mainland geese occur in =
Mississippi Flyway.

Relative effects of survival and reproduction on the population dynamics =
of Emperor Geese. Joel A Schmutz, Robert F Rockwell and Margaret R =
Peterson. pp 191-201.
Populations of Emperor geese in Alaska declined between mid-1960s and =
mid-1980s; Developed population model to evaluate effect of changes to =
survival and reproductive success on potential recovery of this species =
to former levels.

Uncertainty and the management of Mallard harvests. Fred A Johnson, =
Clinton T Moore, William L Kendall, James A Dubovsky, Daivd F Caithamer, =
James R Kelley Jr and Byron K Williams. pp 202-216.
Developed dynamic model to derive strategies for maximizing long-term =
hunter harvest while achieving a specified population goal; Model =
accounts for uncertianties of wetland conditions in breeding grounds, =
relation between hunting regulations and harvest rates, and population =
dynamics.

Survival of Spectacled Eider adult females and ducklings during brood =
rearing. Paul L Flint and James B Grand. pp 217-221.
Survival on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska; duckling survival to 30 =
days averaged 34%; half of females had lost all their ducklings by 30 =
days after hatch; most mortality occurred in 1st 10 days; Adult female =
survival during 1st 30 days of brood rearing was 93%, mortality was from =
ingesting lead shot and from predation; Low adult female survival during =
breeding season may contribute to overall population decline of this =
species.

Population dynamics of White-winged Scoters. David G Krementz, Patrick W =
Brown, F Patrick Kehoe and C Stuart Houston. pp 222-227.
A reduction in breeding range and apparent decline of populations has =
taken place from 1954 to 1994. Significant decline from 1961-93 in =
ratio of young per adult in annual harvest in the Atlantic Flyway. =
Compared to Black/Surf Scoters, the decline wasn't significantly =
different; Adult females banded at Redberry Lk, Saskatchewan winter =
along both coasts and had high annual survival rates (77%); High harvest =
in Atlantic Flyway was not followed by an increase in production of =
scoters.

Site-specific lead exposure from lead pellet ingestion in sentinel =
Mallards. Tonie E Rocke, Christopher J Brand and John G Mensik. pp =
228-234.
Captive-reared Mallards enclosed in fields on Sacramento Natl Wildlife =
Refuge, California, following conversion to steel shot for waterfowl =
hunting in 1986; In some locations, lead exposure and lead poisoning in =
waterfowl will continue to occur despite the current use of steel shot =
for waterfowl hunting. One field had lead pellet density of >2,000,000 =
shot/hectare!!! Heavy clay soils prevent pellets from settling into =
sediments out of the reach of Mallards.

Variation in avoidance of Siberian pine needle oil by rodent and avian =
species. Shirley A Wager-Page', Gisela Epple and J Russell Mason. pp =
235-241.
Pine oil at 1% and 10% applied to apple pieces; Deer mice (Peromyscus =
maniculatus) and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) avoided apples =
treated with pine oil; Starlings were insensitive to pine needle oil's =
adverse effects.

Also of interest to those of us from the Pacific Northwest might be =
these non-bird articles:

Variation of 22Sodium to estimate food intake of bears, by SD Farley and =
CT Robbins at Washington State U;=20

Probability of detecting Harbor Porpoise from aerial surveys: Estimating =
g(0), by JL Laake, John Calambokidis, SD Osmek and DJ Rugh; a sighting =
experiment from Orcas Island, Washington;

Distribution of Black-tailed Jackrabbit habitat determined by GIS in =
southwestern Idaho, by ST Knick and DL Dyer, studies at the Snake River =
Birds of Prey National Conservation Area;

Use of burrow entrances to indicate densities of Townsend's Ground =
Squirrels, by Bea Van Horne, RL Schooley, ST Knick, GS Olson and KP =
Burnham, studies at the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation =
Area;

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