Subject: [Tweeters] Fwd: penguins! / Thermal imaging
Date: Mar 5 23:54:07 2013
From: Caryn Schutzler - bluedarner1 at seanet.com


Hi Tweeters -

An astronomer friend who was just in Antarctica sent this info on Emperor Penguins and reminded me of the recent post by Rob Sandelin about chickadees huddling for warmth albeit on a wee bit different scale. Think I'l be watching "March of the Penguins" this weekend.

Thanks Rob for that observation!

The friend, while in Antarctic saw only one "lost" penguin - a King. He sent a postcard - of penguins of course - dancing beak to beak!

Caryn / Wedgwood

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> http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/03/infrared-penguins/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+wired%2Findex+%28Wired%3A+Top+Stories%29&pid=6380&viewall=true
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> Infrared Images Reveal Frigid, Purple Penguins
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> Thermal View of an Emperor Penguin
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Two Colorful Penguins
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Side-by-Side Infrared Image and Photograph
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Two Technicolor Penguins
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Emperor Penguins
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Psychedelic Antarctic Landscape
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Antarctic Icescape
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Infrared Emperor
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Studying Penguins in Antarctica
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> An Emperor Penguin Shuffles Off
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> Image: Universit? de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
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> Emperor Penguins with blue bellies, green beaks, and red eyes huddle over a patch of black snow ? a multicolored Antarctic landscape, as seen through the eye of an infrared thermal imager.
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> The psychedelic colors, which correspond to different temperatures, reveal that much of a penguin?s outer surface is cooler than the surrounding air ? except, of course, for their unfeathered eyes, beaks, and feet.
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> ?Most of the body that is covered by thick plumage was found to be, on average, 4 to 6 degrees C colder than surrounding air temperature,? said biophysical ecologist Dominic McCafferty of the University of Glasgow. Only the birds? eyes measured above freezing. ?At first, we were very surprised by this discovery,? he said.
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> The observations, reported today in Biology Letters, suggest that extreme radiative cooling draws heat from a penguin?s feathery surface. (On a clear, cold night, you can see the effects of radiative cooling in the frost that forms on windows, roofs, and grasses.) But because they?re insulated beneath layers of feathers and fat, the birds can still maintain a body temperature of about 39 degrees C (102 degrees F), even when shuffling through the -40 C Antarctic night.
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> The team studied a breeding colony in Terre Ad?lie, Antarctica, during June 2008. After scanning through hundreds of pictures, scientists selected and analyzed 40 birds separated from their peers by more than one body length. Then, they developed a model describing how heat is transferred between different penguin parts and the freezing air. Next, McCafferty hopes to use thermal imaging to study how huddling together helps penguins save energy. ?The emperor penguin could not stay warm throughout the Antarctic winter without huddling for shelter and to share body heat,? McCafferty said.
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> The reported temperature differences are certainly plausible, says biophysical ecologist George Bakken of Indiana State University, who studies thermal regulation in a number of animal species. But Bakken notes that radiative cooling occurs most efficiently when the air is still, which it wasn?t when McCafferty?s team was photographing the Antarctic penguins. ?It is conceivable that those temperatures might be off a little bit, and the surface is not quite as cold as they say it is,? Bakken said.
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